Monday, March 2, 2009
Tamiflu-Resistant Flu On The Rise
The type A seasonal flu virus (a subtype of the H1N1 strain) appears to be developing increasing restistance to the most widely used flu drug in the US, Tamiflu (generic name oseltamivir). For the first time, type A viruses were starting to show increased resistance to Tamiflu in the 2007-2008 flu season, but this year the resistance is higher and more widespread.
These are the findings of a study that has been published early online in Journal of the American Medical Association, JAMA because of its public health importance said a press release from the publisher.
The study was the work of Dr Nila J. Dharan, of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, and colleagues who looked at trends and characteristics of patients infected with H1N1 type A Tamiflu-resistant and susceptible flu.
The viruses were tested as part of ongoing surveillance and were identified and submitted to the CDC between September 2007 and May 2008, and then a year later, between 28 September 2008 and 19 February 2009.
The researchers found that during the 2007-2008 flu season, the H1N1 type A flu strains accounted for about 19 per cent of circulating flu strains in the US. Of the 1,155 US H1N1 type A viruses tested during that season, 142 of them (12 per cent) showed resistance to Tamiflu (oseltamivir).
From that period (2007-2008) the researchers found data was available for 99 people infected with Tamiflu-resistant and 182 people infected with Tamiflu-susceptible flu. For the resistant cases the median (the midpoint of the range) age was 19, while 5 patients ended up in hospital and 4 died.
On analyzing the demographic, illness and symptom characteristics available on the infected people, the researchers found no significant differences between those infected with Tamiflu-resistant and those infected with Tamiflu-susceptible flu strains and neither did they find any links between use of Tamiflu and flu cases due to infection with H1N1 type A in the US.
The data on the current flu season, 2008-2009 is obviously not complete since the season is not yet finished, but an analysis on that which has been gathered so far shows that Tamiflu resistance in H1N1 type A strains continue at a high level. Up to 19 February 2009, Tamiflu resistance was found in 264 of 268 (98.5 per cent) of the H1N1 type A viruses tested by the CDC.
The authors wrote that:
"The emergence of oseltamivir resistance has highlighted the need for the development of new antiviral drugs and rapid diagnostic tests that determine viral subtype or resistance, as well as improved representativeness and timeliness of national influenza surveillance for antiviral resistance."
In December last year the CDC issued draft guidelines for the use of antiviral flu medications in line with what they found after analyzing the data coming in for the current season. They recommended that doctors and other health professionals:
"Consider the results of patient testing and local influenza surveillance data on circulating types and subtypes of influenza viruses in deciding whether oseltamivir [tamiflu] alone could be used. These guidelines provide options, including preferential use of [the anti-viral drug] zanamivir or a combination of oseltamivir and [the anti-viral drug] rimantadine, which might be more appropriate in treating patients who might have influenza caused by an oseltamivir-resistant virus."
In an accompanying editorial, Dr David M. Weinstock of the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, and Dr Gianna Zuccotti of Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, who is also Contributing Editor, JAMA, Chicago, wrote:
"The understanding of influenza biology and epidemiology has advanced markedly; however, the global dissemination of oseltamivir [Tamiflu]- resistant influenza came as a great surprise."
There is no doubt that further new susprises will occur in the "perpetual struggle with influenza" they warn, since the one thing we all know for sure is that the organism will evolve and at a pace that we need to outstrip with faster diagnosis down to identifying speciments at the molecular level, with extensive surveillance among humans and animals, and, they add:
"More rapid and [flexible] systems for translating basic and epidemiological discoveries into clinically applicable interventions."
But for now, our best defence is the tried and tested foursome:
"Vaccination, social distancing, hand washing, and common sense," they wrote.
"Infections With Oseltamivir-Resistant Influenza A(H1N1) Virus in the United States."
Nila J. Dharan; Larisa V. Gubareva; John J. Meyer; Margaret Okomo-Adhiambo; Reginald C. McClinton; Steven A. Marshall; Kirsten St. George; Scott Epperson; Lynnette Brammer; Alexander I. Klimov; Joseph S. Bresee; Alicia M. Fry; for the Oseltamivir-Resistance Working Group.
JAMA. 2009;301(10).
doi:10.1001/jama.2009.294.
Early Release Article, posted March 2, 2009
Click here for Article.
Sources: JAMA Archives press release, journal article and editorial.
Written by: Catharine Paddock, PhD
Copyright: Medical News Today
Not to be reproduced without permission of Medical News Today
Manic Episodes Linked To Desire For Fame, UK
Episodes of mania are linked to a desire for fame. This is the finding of a study published online today, 2nd March 2009, in the British Journal of Clinical Psychology.
Dr Johnson from the University of California, Berkeley said: "Manic episodes are characterised by elevated mood as well as increased talkativeness, racing thoughts, decreased need for sleep and extreme distractibility. Mania has already been linked to a belief in the importance of achievement and so we wanted to discover whether it is also linked with higher expectations for the future."
The manic and depressive levels of 103 people including 27 people with diagnosed manic depression (also known as bipolar disorder), were assessed and compared with the results of questionnaires designed to assess their ambitious life goals, such as a desire for fame, material success or recognition. Participants rated the likelihood of various things happening to them, such as; 'You will appear regularly on TV', 'You will have 20 million dollars or more'.
"We found that the people who had experienced episodes of mania during their lives had the highest expectations of achieving popular success and financial success. This pattern suggests that people with manic or bipolar tendencies are drawn to focus on success, money and popular fame."
"These results suggest that mania, along with all of its costs, may also drive people to set higher goals. In some cases they achieve them, giving us a glimpse into the advantages that can accompany this highly painful disorder," concluded Dr Johnson.
To access the paper visit here.
British Psychological Society
Saturday, February 28, 2009
Siemens Sets A New Standard For Breast Ultrasound
New automated breast ultrasound system automatically acquires volumes and offers intelligent clinical applications. Siemens Healthcare recently introduced the Acuson S2000 Automated Breast Volume Scanner (ABVS), the first multi-use ultrasound breast system that automatically acquires volume images of the breast. Thanks to the user-independent, standardized image acquisition, the system is ideally suited for early detection and diagnosis of breast cancer with ultrasound - especially for women with dense breast tissue.
According to the New England Journal of Medicine1, dense breast tissue increases the risk of breast cancer for a woman up to five-fold. While mammography remains the method of choice in breast cancer screening, a study published by the RSNA (Radiological Society of North America) in 20022 showed that the detection rate for non-palpable, invasive breast cancer increased by 42 percent when mammography was followed by an ultrasound examination.
"I am convinced that automatic ultrasound volume imaging with the Acuson S2000 ABVS can make a significant contribution in diagnostic confidence for women with dense breast tissue or inconclusive mammography findings," said Klaus Hambüchen, CEO, Ultrasound at Siemens Healthcare. Examinations performed with the Acuson S2000 ABVS technique generally take less than 15 minutes. "Time well spent if you consider the extended diagnostic capabilities of ultrasound in dense breasts."
Coronal anatomical view
The system quickly and comfortably acquires and surveys full-field sonographic volume images that provide a more comprehensive overview of the breast. Included is the intuitive, anatomical coronal plane of the breast (from the nipple to the breast wall), which is not available with conventional ultrasound imaging. This view provides a more understandable representation of the global anatomy and architecture of the breast.
The system's automatic image acquisition significantly improves the workflow of a breast ultrasound examination. While hand held examinations usually take up to 30 minutes, with the Acuson S2000 ABVS, the exam can be performed in less than 15 minutes. Semi-automated reporting and comprehensive BI-RADS® ultrasound reporting capabilities further enhance the clinical workflow. This Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) is a classification of the American College of Radiology (ACR) for reporting mammography screenings.
To further optimize high-volume patient care, the system also supports innovative breast imaging applications, such as Fatty Tissue and eSie Touch elasticity imaging. All of these applications help increase diagnostic confidence, while at the same time reducing examination and waiting time for the patient. The new system is an all-round system for ultrasound breast care, from early detection, to diagnosis to aftercare.
The Siemens Healthcare Sector is one of the largest suppliers of healthcare technology in the world. The company is a medical solution provider with core competences and innovative strengths in diagnostic and therapeutic technologies as well as knowledge processing, including information technology and system integration. With its acquisitions in laboratory diagnostics, Siemens Healthcare is the first integrated healthcare company that combines imaging and lab diagnostics, therapy solutions and medical information technology and also supplements these with consultation and services. Siemens Healthcare offers solutions for the entire supply chain under one roof - from prevention and early detection to diagnosis and on to treatment and aftercare. In addition, Siemens Healthcare is the global market leader for innovative hearing instruments. The company employs some 49,000 employees worldwide and is present in more than 130 countries. During fiscal 2008 (ending on September 30), Siemens Healthcare achieved sales of 11.17 billion euros and incoming orders totaling 11.78 billion euros. The Sector profit from operations amounted to 1.23 billion euros.
For more information, go to: www.siemens.com/healthcare
1 N Engl J Med 356;3. Boyd N.F. et Al., Mammographic Density and the Risk and Detection of Breast Cancer 2 Radiology 2002;225:165-175. Kolb T.M. et Al., Comparison of the Performance of Screening
Mammography, Physical Examination, and Breast US and Evaluation of Factors that Influence Them: An Analysis of 27,825 Patient Evaluations
Friday, February 27, 2009
Yeast Gives Clues To Parkinson's
Scientists from the US and Australia are using cells from yeast and mammals to learn about how environment and genes affect whether a person gets Parkinson's disease or not.
Many aspects of the way yeast cells work are the same in animal and human cells, and since it is only possible to get hold of cells diseased with Parkinson's after a person is dead, having a similar more easily accessible cell to work with helps scientists study the early development of the disease and scan and test the thousands of genes that might be involved.
One such example is the subject of a study published this week in Nature Genetics, where Antony Cooper from Sydney's Garvan Institute of Medical Research in Australia and colleagues have for the first time found a way to connect three pieces of the Parkinson's disease jigsaw: sensitivity to manganese, and the behaviour of two genes, alpha-synuclein and PARK9 (also known as ATP13A2).
Alpha-synuclein and PARK9 have already been separately associated with forms of Parkinson's, and manganese poisoning can cause Parkinson-like symptoms in miners and welders exposed to high levels of the metal.
Parkinson's disease is where neurons that produce the neurotransmitter dopamine degenerate, and scientists have also known for some time that this is associated with an overexpression of the protein alpha-synuclein which autopsies have found in abundance in affected regions of the brain.
A European team also previously found that PARK9, already known to be involved in a hereditary form of Parkinson's, was in much greater abundance in the brains of people who had died of sporadic (ie not inherited) forms of the disease compared to the same parts of the brain in people who did not have the disease.
Cooper suspects that PARK9 was actually protecting the neurons and may explain why many of them surrounded by PARK9 survived.
What Cooper and colleagues found was that PARK9 appears also to diminish the toxic effects of alpha-synuclein, and it may also act as a manganese pump that is potentially capable of removing excess amounts of the metal from cells.
Cooper and colleagues were able to study the effect of PARK9 in yeast because it contains an equivalent gene.
An important and puzzling question in Parkinson's research is whether there is a single or cluster of genetic factors that cause the degeneration of neurons that produce dopamine.
As Cooper explained:
"We would love to be able to link all the genes that we know have something to do with Parkinson's disease."
"If you discover there's a central pathway involved, it provides much better potential for finding a successful treatment," he added, explaining that so far they have linked PARK9, alpha-synuclein and manganese, and this is no coincidence.
"They're likely to be affecting a pathway and we suspect it's a central pathway. To confirm that would be very exciting indeed," said Cooper.
Cooper has been working for some years, with co-authors Dr Susan Lindquist, from the Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research and Dr Aaron Gitler, from the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, to find how alpha-synuclein might cause cell damage.
They teamed up with associate professor Guy Caldwell, of the University of Alabama, and associate professor Jean-Christophe Rochet from the University of Purdue in Indiana, to check their results using other models of Parkinson's disease.
The more models the findings fit into, the more you are likely to believe them, said Cooper.
"Alpha-Synuclein is part of a diverse and highly conserved interaction network that includes PARK9 and manganese toxicity."
Aaron D Gitler, Alessandra Chesi, Melissa L Geddie, Katherine E Strathearn, Shusei Hamamichi, Kathryn J Hill, Kim A Caldwell, Guy A Caldwell, Antony A Cooper, Jean-Christophe Rochet and Susan Lindquist.
Nature Genetics 41, 308 - 315, Published online: 1 February 2009.
doi:10.1038/ng.300
Click here for Abstract.
Sources: Journal abstract, Research Australia.
Written by: Catharine Paddock, PhD
Copyright: Medical News Today
Not to be reproduced without permission of Medical News Today
More Cash For Contraception, UK
£20.5m package to promote contraception Call for action to areas with high teenage pregnancy rates
An extra £20.5 million will help young people get better access to contraception and support for teenagers and raise the awareness of the risks of unprotected sex, Public Health Minister Dawn Primarolo and Young People's Minister Beverley Hughes announced today.
The cash supports the teenage pregnancy strategy that is focused on encouraging young people to delay early sex and to practice safe sex as and when they do become sexually active.
The new package of support and investment to promote the use of contraception includes:
- £7 million for a new 'contraceptive choices' media campaign to raise awareness of the different options - including Long Acting Reversible Contraceptives (LARCs) - available to young people, to prevent teenage conceptions;
- £10 million for local health services to ensure contraception is available in the right places at the right time;
- £1 million to support further education colleges develop and expand on-site contraception and sexual health services to help address the fact that 80 per cent of under-18 conceptions are among 16-17 year olds.
- A further £2.5m will help develop a Healthy College programme and help all services meet the Department of Health's 'You're Welcome' standards for young people friendly services.
Figures released by the Office of National Statistics today show that the increase in teenage pregnancy rates in the first three quarters of 2007 is due to a rise in unplanned conceptions ending in abortion, and not an increase in teenage mothers giving birth. However, the under 18 conception rate for the final quarter of 2007 is 2per cent lower than the same quarter in 2006 - suggesting that the drive to reduce teenage conceptions is continuing in the right direction.
Where there have been rises, and given these have resulted in abortions not births, this suggests that young people are not accessing effective contraception and may be engaging in more risky behaviour - pointing to the need for better advice and information about sex and relationships both from their parents and in schools.
Young people say they would prefer advice from parents and that is why the Government has invested in support for parents to help them talk more openly to their children. The Government has already announced its intention to make Sex and Relationships Education compulsory as part of Personal Social Health Education, and all schools will be provided with new SRE guidance this September.
Evidence shows that where the Government's teenage pregnancy strategy is implemented rigorously, significant reductions in teenage pregnancy rates have been achieved, such as in Oldham where rates have dropped by 29 per cent. The Government wants this success replicated across the country and is today calling on all local areas to redouble their efforts to drive a robust approach to reducing teenage pregnancy rates.
Despite the rise in national figures in the last year the long-term trend is still downward and overall there has been a 10.7 per cent reduction in under-18 conceptions and a 23.3 per cent decline in teenage births since the start of the Government's strategy in 1998. In 2006 the rates dropped to their lowest level in 20 years. Tackling teenage pregnancy requires sustained action by local authorities, the NHS parents, schools, and young people themselves.
Children and Young People's Minister, Beverley Hughes said: "Today's teenage pregnancy statistics are disappointing, although the reduction in the last quarter of 2007 over 2006 gives me cautious optimism that the drive to reduce teenage pregnancy conceptions is still on track. There is no doubt that rates have come down where local areas have implemented the strategy properly, even in deprived areas.
"The evidence suggests that more teenagers may have been engaging in risky behaviour and not using contraception, resulting in an increase in conceptions leading to abortion. Our strategy is to encourage teenagers to delay early sexual activity, but to use contraception when they do become sexually active.
"We have already announced our intention to make sex and relationship education (SRE) compulsory and we will be providing new SRE guidance to schools this September. This is in addition to more support for parents to help them talk more openly to their children about sex and relationships. And for the minority of families where parents are failing in their responsibilities we will continue our programmes of intensive family support which we know works in getting parents to do better by their children.
"Reducing teenage pregnancy requires everyone to play their part - parents, health, local authorities and schools. Where progress has slowed, efforts must be redoubled and we will be focusing our challenge on those areas with high and increasing rates."
Health Minister Dawn Primarolo said:
"Young people need good advice and easy access to contraception when they become sexually active. To help, we are improving access to contraception by providing an extra £20.5 million funding this year.
"We are supporting the NHS to offer women of all ages the full range of contraceptive choices, including long acting, reversible, methods such as implants and injections which are virtually 100 per cent effective. And we're giving local health services more money to come up with innovative ways of making sure young women use their contraceptives properly, such as text message reminders." Further Education Minister Sion Simon said:
"The Further Education sector has an important contribution to make in tackling sexual health issues. Colleges are ideally placed to offer support and advice to young people, and this extra investment will allow them to develop and expand on-site contraception and sexual health services. "Providing health advice services on-site avoids FE students having to take time off from their studies, helps them to deal quickly with health concerns that might be impacting negatively on their learning and can help avoid them dropping out of learning altogether."
The Government has issued clear guidance on effective strategies, which all areas must follow with a concerted and consistent approach. Ministers will be meeting with senior officials from Local Authorities and Primary Care Trusts in areas with high rates as well as receiving six monthly reports on the actions they are taking to strengthen their strategies. The Government has also taken action since 2007 to strengthen delivery of the strategy, which is not reflected in the statistics out today.
For the minority of families needing additional support, we have a range of parenting programmes designed to identify problems early and provide intensive help. These include the Family Nurse Partnerships for young mothers and Family Intervention Projects being expanded to all areas this year. From April this year, all areas will have at least two parenting experts to work with families and children experiencing serious problems.
In their guidance on Long Acting Reversible Contraceptives (LARC), NICE estimated that if 7 per cent of women switched from the pill to LARC methods (doubling current usage to 15 per cent) the NHS could save around £100 million each year through reducing unplanned pregnancies by 73,000.
Notes
1. England's under-18 conception rate is 41.7 per 1000 and has fallen by 10.7 per cent since 1998. The under-16 rate is 8.3 per 1000 and has fallen by 6.4 per cent over the same period.
2. Statistics published today by the Office of National Statistics show that in 2007 the under-18 conception rate rose by 2.6 per cent, accounted for by an increase in those having abortions. Despite the rise in national figures in 2007 the long-term trend is still downward.
3. The NHS offers women of all ages the full range of contraceptive choices, including long acting, reversible, methods such as implants and injections which are virtually 100 per cent effective. 4. In 2001 the Government published the National Strategy for Sexual Health and HIV which aims to prevent the spread of STIs and HIVe, improve care and treatment and reduce unintended pregnancies. See here.
5. The Teenage Pregnancy Strategy is based on the best international evidence. All areas have been provided with clear guidance on the key factors for effective local strategies. It is the responsibility of senior leaders in each Local Authority and Primary Care Trusts to implement this in their area.
6. The success of the Teenage Pregnancy strategy relies on all local areas applying it effectively. Where they do, rates come down - for example Calderdale has reduced its rate by 30 per cent and Oldham has reduced its rate by 29 per cent.
South West: Gloucestershire: -25.1 per cent
South East: Milton Keynes: -23.6 per cent
London: Newham: -24.9 per cent
East: Southend: -26.1 per cent
East Mids: Nottinghamshire: -24.0 per cent
West Mids: Telford & Wrekin: -23.9 per cent
Yorks & Humber: Calderdale: -29.9 per cent
North West: Oldham: -29.4 per cent
North East: Darlington: -13.7 per cent
7. A recent study from the US attributed 86 per cent of the decline in teenage pregnancy rates to improved contraception use.
8. Reducing the under-18 conception rate by 50 per cent by 2010 is one of the five National Indicators against which progress on PSA 14 "young people on the path to success" is measured, as part of a broader strategy to improve sexual health (joint DH/DCSF target). See http://www.condomessentialwear.co.uk and http://www.RUThinking.co.uk
9. Sexual health is identified as a priority area in the 2008/9 and 2009/10 NHS Operating Framework. The High Quality Care for All: NHS Next Stage Review Final Report has identified sexual health as one of six priority areas for PCTs to commission comprehensive wellbeing and prevention services to meet the needs of their local population. See here.
10. Under the Abortion Act 1967 women in Great Britain have access to safe, legal abortions. We are working hard to ensure that women have access to abortion services as soon as possible as evidence shows the risk of complications increases the later the gestation. Data for 2007 shows that progress is being made to increase early access: 68per cent of NHS funded abortions took place at under ten weeks, compared with 51per cent in 2001. In a bid to prevent repeat abortions, practitioners are now required to discuss future contraceptive options at the point of abortion.
- The 10 key factors of successful teenage pregnancy strategies
- 1. Advice and information for parents on talking to their children openly about relationships and sexual health.
- 2. A high priority given to sex and relationships (SRE) within PSHE in schools, with support from the local authority to develop comprehensive programmes of sex and relationships education (SRE) in all schools.
- 3. The availability of a well publicised young people-centred contraceptive and sexual health advice service, with targeted outreach work.
- 4. Strong senior champions in the LA and PCT who are accountable for delivery of the local strategy - with active engagement of Health, Education, Social Services, Targeted Youth Support and IYSS - and the voluntary sector.
- 5. Clear messages to young people on resisting peer pressure to have early sex and using contraception when they do become sexually active.
- 6. A strong focus on targeted interventions with young people at greatest risk of teenage pregnancy, in particular with Looked After Children and care leavers.
- 7. The availability (and consistent take-up) of SRE training for professionals in partner organisations (such as Connexions Personal Advisers, TYS Lead Professionals, Youth Workers and Social Workers) working with the most vulnerable young people.
- 8. Good use of local data to ensure strategies are targeted in high rate neighbourhoods and on young people most at risk of early pregnancy.
- 9. Support for vulnerable young people to raise self-esteem and tackle low aspirations.
- 10. A well resourced Youth Service, providing things to do and places to go for young people, with a clear focus on addressing key social issues affecting young people, such as sexual health and substance misuse.
Department of health, UK
Thursday, February 26, 2009
FDA Says India's Largest Pharma Company Faked Test Results In Drug Applications
The US Food and Drug Administration announced on Wednesday, 25th February, that a plant belonging to India's largest pharmaceutical company, Ranbaxy Laboratories, falsified data and test results in approved and pending applications of generic drugs for the US market.
The FDA said it was halting review of drug applications from Ranbaxy's Paonta Sahib Plant in India due to evidence of falsified data and was invoking powers under the Application Integrity Policy (AIP). This plant, and two others at Dewas and Batamandi, have been under an FDA Import Alert since September last year in respect of 30 different generic drugs, said the announcement.
The drugs affected by this move fall into three categories:
- Drugs approved by the FDA for the US market that are made at the Paonta Sahib plant.
- Drugs made at the plant that are not yet marketed in the US and are pending FDA approval.
- Some drugs made in the US that relied on results provided by the plant.
The agency's advice to patients currently taking drugs made by Ranbaxy is not to disrupt their therapy as this could be risky to their health; anyone worried about their medication should talk to their doctor.
The AIP covers applications that rely on information coming only from the Paonta Sahib factory, said the FDA, who raise the policy only when they are significantly concerned about the integrity of data provided with a drug application.
Under the policy, Ranbaxy is required to put in place a Corrective Action Operating Plan (CAOP) and show that the data from the plant is accurate and reliable. This includes for example allowing a third party to audit applications linked to data from the plant.
Director of the FDA's Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER), Dr Janet Woodcock, told the press that:
"Companies must provide truthful and accurate information in their marketing applications."
Director of CDER's Office of Compliance, Deborah Autor said they applied the AIP because:
"The FDA's investigations revealed a pattern of questionable data raising significant questions regarding the reliability of certain applications."
She said that the "action reflects the FDA's continued vigilance and its steadfast commitment to safeguarding the public's health".
Click here for further information on FDA website.
Sources: FDA.
Written by: Catharine Paddock, PhD
Copyright: Medical News Today
Not to be reproduced without permission of Medical News Today
The Latest DRX9000™ Study Data Published In Peer-Reviewed Journal!
A study titled, "Prospective Evaluation of the Efficacy of Spinal Decompression via the DRX9000™ for Chronic Low Back Pain" was published in the December issue of The Journal of Medicine. The study authored by Dr. John Leslie, Mayo Clinic, et al, was designed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the DRX9000™ in the treatment of chronic lower back pain. Patients enrolled in the study had suffered an overall average of 266 weeks of low back pain. At the conclusion of the study, 16 of the 18 patients reported improvement in low back pain, greater than 50%. The authors state, "Patients also reported having better daily activity function as measured by the Oswestry Disability Index." Reprints are available through Axiom Worldwide. To view this article please visit here.
About Axiom Worldwide
Axiom Worldwide manufactures and distributes its flagship products, the DRX9000 True Non-surgical Spinal Decompression System™, DRX9000C™, and DRX9500™ in medical markets around the globe. Axiom also manufactures a digital electroceutical device, the EPS8000™, for use in relieving pain and for use in muscular rehabilitation. Axiom prides itself on providing safe, non-surgical alternatives that patients should consider prior to undergoing surgery. For additional information please visit: http://www.AxiomWorldwide.com. To schedule an interview please contact: Amber Pacetti, Marketing at: telephone: 001-813-249-6444 or email: apacetti@axiomworldwide.com.
Axiom Worldwide
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